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An API ( Application Programming Interface) is an interface that makes it much easier to develop a program by providing the building blocks. In 2000, Salesforce and eBay launched their own API, with which programmers could access and download some of the data available to the public. In 2000, the first Web API and API crawler were created.In comparison, JumpStation was the first WWW search engine to rely on a web robot. As there were fewer websites available on the web, search engines at that time used to rely on human administrators to collect and format links.
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In response, there are web scraping systems that rely on using techniques in DOM parsing, computer vision and natural language processing to simulate human browsing to enable gathering web page content for offline parsing. There are methods that some websites use to prevent web scraping, such as detecting and disallowing bots from crawling (viewing) their pages. For example, JSON is commonly used as a transport storage mechanism between the client and the web server. Newer forms of web scraping involve monitoring data feeds from web servers.
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As a result, specialized tools and software have been developed to facilitate the scraping of web pages. However, most web pages are designed for human end-users and not for ease of automated use. Web pages are built using text-based mark-up languages ( HTML and XHTML), and frequently contain a wealth of useful data in text form. An example would be finding and copying names and telephone numbers, companies and their URLs, or e-mail addresses to a list (contact scraping).Īs well as contact scraping, web scraping is used as a component of applications used for web indexing, web mining and data mining, online price change monitoring and price comparison, product review scraping (to watch the competition), gathering real estate listings, weather data monitoring, website change detection, research, tracking online presence and reputation, web mashup, and web data integration. Web scrapers typically take something out of a page, to make use of it for another purpose somewhere else.
The content of a page may be parsed, searched and reformatted, and its data copied into a spreadsheet or loaded into a database. Therefore, web crawling is a main component of web scraping, to fetch pages for later processing. Fetching is the downloading of a page (which a browser does when a user views a page).
Scraping a web page involves fetching it and extracting from it. It is a form of copying in which specific data is gathered and copied from the web, typically into a central local database or spreadsheet, for later retrieval or analysis. While web scraping can be done manually by a software user, the term typically refers to automated processes implemented using a bot or web crawler. Web scraping software may directly access the World Wide Web using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol or a web browser. Web scraping, web harvesting, or web data extraction is data scraping used for extracting data from websites. For broader coverage of this topic, see Data scraping.
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